HOW MANY CHROMOSOME HUMANS HAVE |
A Chromosome is a thread-fine thread that is composed of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA. Chromosomes derived Iranian said plate that is colored and soma means body. By it's, chromosomes can mean the body absorbs the color. Chromosomes contained in the nucleus (the cell nucleus) of each cell. Chromosomes are usually observed at the stage of metaphase when the mitotic division and meiosis. The chromosomes appear as the rod-containing structure which is composed of Iranian threads a thin circular-circumference. In all the threads this is located in a regular structure called a gene. Place the genes in the chromosome is called locus of the gene.
One of the characteristics of living creatures is able to breed. At the time of the breed, some of the properties of an individual will be passed on to offspring. For example, people who are curly-haired may kwa have a child, curly-haired as well. Mango fruit that tastes sweet is also the possibility kwa produce seeds that can later grow into a mango tree that produces fruit that is sweet also. How to properties owned by an individual can be passed on to offspring? The material or substance of what can bring the nature of an individual is inherited to the offspring? In biology there is a branch of science that studies the inheritance of traits from one individual to their offspring, that is genetic. In genetics, also learned a factor or substance genetic that brings the nature-the nature of the Iranian parent to offspring. This time the school will discuss the chromosomes, refer to the explanation below.
If you observe the cells that are splitting with the use of the microscope, we can see the structure is shaped like the threads of thickened called chromosomes (Latin: intensity = color and figure = loss). Chromosomes easily observed with the addition of a certain color because the chromosomes are easy to absorb dyestuff. Chromosomes contained in the nucleus of the cell. At the time the cells are not dividing, chromosomes form a thread-thin thread called chromatin (Soul: chroma = color, and tin = thread). In chromosome, there are tens of millions of genes. A gene is a unit of material that carries genetic information.
1. The Number Of Chromosomes
The number of chromosomes of every species of living creatures varies greatly. Organism body structure is more complex usually have the number of chromosomes which is more than the organism to which the structure of his body is simple. For example, bacteria which are organisms with a body structure is simple having only one fruit of the chromosome. Even so, some types of simple organisms that actually have the number of chromosomes, a lot more.
Although varied, the number of chromosomes possessed by each type of organism will always remain and are in the form of an each other in pairs. For example, every cell of the human body has 46 pieces or 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes that each pair is called homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes have the size, shape, and number of the same gene based on the number of pairs of chromosomes, there are several types of the organism, the organism is haploid (has n chromosomes), the organism is diploid (have 2n chromosomes), the organism is triploid (it has 3n chromosomes), and the organism polyploid (have a lot of chromosomes).
The cells of the body or cells sometimes, for example, the cells in the muscles, bones, blood, and nerves, contains 2n chromosomes (diploid), while the sex cells contain chromosomes (monoploid). One haploid set of chromosomes is called
genome.
2. The Structure Of The Chromosome
Chromosomes of the cells of eukaryotes consist of a complex material called chromatin. Chromatin is composed of 27% of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid), 67% catalyst, and 6% RNA (ribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid). DNA only compose about one-third the mass of the chromosome.
About half of Iranian protein contained in the chromosomes in the form of history. Histone is a protein with the concentration of the acid group with additional cluster ((-NH2), for example, lysine and arginine. Histon is firmly attached to the DNA, forming a subunit-subunit like beads on a chain of DNA called nucleosomes. Therefore, histones play an important role in the packaging of DNA and maintain the shape of chromosomes.
Catalyst nonhistone on chromosome contains more acid alkane (with the additional cluster (-COOH)) rather than histone. Most of the protein-protein nonhistone transformed into the enzyme-an enzyme that catalyzes the process of transcription and replication of nucleic acids. The enzyme is known as enzyme polymerase. A small portion of the other is a cantilever structure of chromosomes.
The amount of DNA in the chromosomes of eukaryotes is amazing. The DNA contained in the form of the twofold spiral (utas double) along the chromosome, with one twice the spiral on each chromatid. For example, human chromosomes whose length is about 10 µm containing about 7 cm of DNA.
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